The Analysis Framework and Optimization Pathways of Open Science Policy Environment: Technological Innovation - Research Ecosystem - Social Value

Abstract: Since the 21st century, the increasing demand from all sectors of society for the openness of public data and publicly funded research results has led to growing attention to open science policies worldwide. An in-depth analysis of the policy environment of open science is crucial for the scientific formulation and effective implementation of these policies. Based on the research findings of domestic and international scholars, this paper reviews the evolution of open science and its multi-dimensional connotations. It analyzes the historical trends and environmental changes in the global development of open science from three perspectives: the technological environment, the scientific research environment, and the social environment. By leveraging conceptual linkage, this paper constructs a three-dimensional analysis framework of "technological innovation - scientific research ecology - social value." This framework reflects the feedback mechanisms of policies on environmental changes and provides a theoretical basis for identifying key policy directions and formulating macro strategies. On this basis, the paper examines the three major challenges facing the implementation of China’s open science policies and the optimization of the policy environment. These challenges include: the imbalance of digital infrastructure and insufficient industrial collaboration; the rigidity of academic evaluation and barriers to global collaboration; and the insufficiency of knowledge openness and inclusiveness, as well as the lack of social responsibility in the transformation of research achievements. In response to these challenges, the paper proposes optimization paths and suggestions from three aspects: the construction of digital infrastructure, the reconstruction of the scientific research ecosystem, and the guidance of social values. These recommendations aim to provide references for improving the policy environment of open science in China.