Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2021-04-29 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Soil salinization seriously impacts wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ) production. Improving salinity tolerance is one of the main biological approaches responding to the problem. The germination stage is also sensitive to salt, and the salt tolerance at the germination stage is very important for wheat planting in saline-alkali land. In order to explore the feasibility of using physiological indexes of leaves to evaluate salt tolerance of wheat at germination stage, CM6005 and its 73 sodium azide mutagenesis families were used as experimental materials. The contents of proline, soluble sugar, total protein and soluble protein, as well as the activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the leaves were measured under the conditions of ultra-pure water and 40% artificial sea water, and principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to evaluate the salt tolerance of the wheats. The results were as follows: (1) Under 40% artificial sea water salt stress, the contents of proline and soluble sugar increased, but the contents of total protein and soluble protein decreased. The activity of peroxidase(POD) increased, and the catalase(CAT) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity decreased. (2) In principal component analysis, the first and the fourth principal components were two factors of the response of salt-tolerant enzyme system, and the second and third principal components were mainly two factors of osmotic adjustment of salt tolerance in wheat leaves at the stage of germination. (3) In the evaluation of salt tolerance, the salt tolerance grade of CM6005 was 2(salt tolerance) , and the salt tolerance grade of the lines was 1(high salt tolerance), which were SAM1, SAM49 and SAM59. On the whole, the activity of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as the content of proline and soluble sugar could be used as physiological indexes to evaluate the salt tolerance of wheat at germination stage. These results can be used as a reference for the evaluation of salt tolerance in wheat based on physiological indexes of leaves at the germination stage.
Subjects: Agriculture, Forestry,Livestock & Aquatic Products Science >> Basic Disciplines of Agriculture submitted time 2017-11-08 Cooperative journals: 《中国生态农业学报》
Abstract：覆膜种植是旱地春玉米种植的重要方式, 具有显著的增产作用。但前人对旱地春玉米在不同覆膜种植方式下的水分利用、根系发育及抗倒伏等增产机理方面研究较少。于2013—2015年在河北省沧州市农林科学院前营试验站开展田间试验, 连续3年研究露地平作(CK)、平作覆膜膜下播种(FC-SUF)、平作覆膜膜侧播种(FC-FSS)、起垄覆膜膜下播种(RC-SUF)、起垄覆膜膜侧播种(RC-FSS)等5种种植模式下春玉米产量及产量构成要素、土壤水分、作物根系和抗倒伏情况。结果表明: RC-FSS、RC-SUF、FC-FSS和FC-SUF比CK 3年分别平均增产24.97%、17.75%、11.69%和8.67%, 其中起垄覆膜侧播技术(RC-FSS)增产效果最优, 其水分利用效率比CK平均提高26.27%。RC-FSS处理垄沟处0~20 cm土壤含水量比CK增幅达30.44%~47.66%, 达极显著差异; RC-FSS处理的抗倒伏性最好, 其倒伏率仅为0.9%, 抗倒伏力最大为29.4 N, 与CK差异达显著水平。在玉米整个生育期内, 0~10 cm土壤温度各覆膜处理比CK平均增加0.3~2.3 ℃, 以RC-SUF种植模式下增温最显著。成熟期RC-FSS模式下根系分布直径、根系干重明显优于RC-SUF、FC-SUF和CK, 差异均达显著水平。研究表明, 春玉米起垄覆膜侧播技术具有集雨保墒、促根壮苗、高抗倒伏、增产稳产的作用, 在春季干旱少雨的滨海平原区有广阔的应用前景。
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