脑梗死后预后相关生物标志物的研究新进展：机制与临床应用 后印本

Краткое изложение: Ischemic stroke（IS）is one of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide. Various biomarkers closely associated with IS prognosis have been identified in recent years，including cytokines，microRNAs（miRNAs），and extracellular vesicles. This paper reviews the mechanisms of action of blood cell analysis related indicators，omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids，IL-6，TNF-α，miRNAs，and extracellular vesicles in ischemic stroke and their research progress as predictive biomarkers. The concentrations of blood cell analysis related indicators，omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids，IL-6 and TNF-α are closely related to the severity and prognosis of IS. miR-21 improves neuronal functional recovery by inhibiting apoptosis and promoting neuronal survival，while miR-155 exacerbates brain injury by regulating inflammatory responses，with its expression level predicting IS recurrence. Moreover，miR-126 plays a crucial role in angiogenesis and neuroprotection. Extracellular vesicles，carrying anti-inflammatory factors，neurotrophic factors，antioxidant enzymes，and heat shock proteins，mitigate inflammation and damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion，significantly influencing IS prognosis. Despite the tremendous potential of these biomarkers in IS prognosis assessment，their clinical application faces several challenges，including interindividual differences，inadequate research on long-term effects and safety，and issues with technical standardization. Future research should focus on elucidating the mechanisms of action of these biomarkers，developing standardized detection methods，and conducting large-scale clinical validation，to apply them in clinical practice to improve the prognosis and quality of life of IS patients.