Abstract:
This paper provides a comprehensive review of perihelion observations and sig#2;nificant observational events such as ground-based observations of the active asteroid (3200)
Phaethon during its close approach to Earth. It summarizes the current research priorities of
(3200) Phaethon，followed by an investigation into the mechanisms governing its perihelion
activity, in which the highly discussed thermal fracturing and the theory of water ice and
Na sublimation driving theory are elaborated in detail. Detailed analyses of spectroscop#2;ic signatures, albedo variations, and polarization measurements are presented to elucidate
surface composition and physical characteristics, thereby providing substantial evidence for
understanding the asteroid’s surface properties. Phaethon-Geminid Complex (PGC) rela#2;tion discussions and studies such as the classification of active asteroids and the traceability
of Phaethon are further summarized. In the study of asteroid dynamical evolution and ther#2;mal physics models, the MERCURY6 integrator was employed on the orbital elements of
Phaethon on a millennial timescale to derive the results on the asteroid’s perihelion distance
and other orbital characteristics. Additionally, the advanced thermophysical model (ATPM)
was applied to fit a compilation of infrared multi-band observational data, yielding estimates
for thermal inertia, albedo, and diameter. Finally, JAXA space mission DESTINY+ and
China’s upcoming Tianwen-2 mission are discussed.
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